Just leave one out exposed to freezing temperature full of water and find out.....
So the simple answer is yes.
However what happens during a failure depends upon the type of device.
For example, an RPZ is designed such that if any component inside the device fails (say a check valve becomes stuck open), the device will still protect the water source by spewing water rather than allowing it to flow backwards.
By contrast, if the check valves in a simple duel check become stuck open, the backflow preventer is rendered useless (i.e. it no longer functions as a back-flow preventer).